| Paleoindian |
12-11 BP |
Clovis (Dent) |
| 11-10 |
Folsom (Lindenmeier) |
| 10-9 |
Plano (Gordon Creek Burial) |
| Archaic |
7.5-1.8 BP |
Plains Archaic (Trail Ridge
Game Trail) |
| (150 AD) |
Mountain Tradition |
| Early/Mid
Ceramic |
1300 AD |
Numic speakers move from
southern Great Basin into Utah, Wyoming and Colorado |
| 1450 |
Plains Ceramic abandon
Colorado |
| |
|
|
| Late |
'long ago' |
Apache (Athapaskan) in
Northwest Territory of Canada |
| Ceramic |
|
Cheyenne (Algonquin) near
Hudson Bay - gathering |
| |
|
Arapaho (Algonquin) in
western Minnesota - farming? |
| |
|
Kiowa in central Montana |
| |
|
Utes (Numic) in western
Colorado |
| |
|
Shoshone (Numic) in Wyoming |
| |
|
|
| |
1525 |
Apache in eastern Colorado -
hunting |
| |
1540 |
Coronado's group entered
Colorado - European trade begins |
| |
|
|
| |
1650 |
Arapaho move east and south
- hunting Cheyenne begin westward migration - farming
|
| |
1600s |
Ute slaves of Spanish learn
to ride |
| |
1680 |
Pueblo Revolt - Utes get
horses |
| |
late 1600s |
Comanche move from Wyoming
to eastern Colorado - hunting |
| |
|
|
| |
1700 |
Comanche push Apache south
with horses Arapaho cross the Missouri River - hunting
Cheyenne in eastern North Dakota - farming
Kiowa meet Crow - pick up Sun Dance
|
| |
1720 |
Spanish gold seekers reach
the South Platte |
| |
1725 |
Apache in southern Colorado
/ New Mexico |
| |
1750 |
Kiowa settle in Black Hills,
South Dakota |
| |
1780 |
Cheyenne in Black Hills -
hunters & traders, push out Kiowa |
| |
|
|
| |
1804 - 1806 |
Lewis & Clark expedition
Arapaho on the Platte River - hunters
Kiowa on North Platte, push Comanche south
Comanche on Arkansas River
Ute in Estes Park
|
| |
1811 |
Cheyenne and Arapaho link up
in Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming, push Kiowa south |
| |
1830 |
Comanche and Kiowa south of
Arkansas River |
| |
1834 |
Bent's Fort on Arkansas;
split Cheyenne & Arapaho tribes |
| |
1835 |
Fort St. Vrain on South
Platte |
| |
1840's |
Emigrants on Oregon trail,
49er's to gold fields Measles, whooping cough, cholera
epidemics
|
| |
1851 |
Treaty of Laramie -
Cheyenne and Arapaho get land between North Platte and
Arkansas |
| |
1858 |
LaPorte established (Colona) |
| |
1861 |
Civil War begins Treaty
of Fort Wise - creates Sand Creek Reservation for
Cheyenne and Arapaho
|
| |
1864 |
Sand Creek Massacre - 137
Cheyenne & Arapaho killed Camp Collins established
Northern Cheyenne reservation in Montana established
|
| |
1867 |
Camp Collins closed -
Arapaho starving Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho
reservation established in Oklahoma
|
| |
1878 |
Arapaho allowed on Wind
River Shoshone reservation in Wyoming All Native
Americans required to be on reservation
|
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